System and process for color-balancing a series of oblique images

ABSTRACT

Image processing systems and methods are disclosed, including an image processing system comprising a computer running image processing software causing the computer to divide a captured oblique image into a plurality of oblique image sections, the oblique image sections determined at least in part on a path length distance between the location of a point in the scene in the captured oblique image and the location of the camera when the oblique image was captured; and apply a varying amount of color correction to the sections based in part on the determined path length, thereby reducing variation in the captured oblique image caused by specular reflection and atmosphere depicted in the sections prior to color balancing.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 13/181,259, filedJul. 12, 2011, which is a continuation of U.S. Ser. No. 11/871,740,filed on Oct. 12, 2007, the entire contents of which are herebyexpressly incorporated herein by reference.

STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

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THE NAMES OF THE PARTIES TO A JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENT

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REFERENCE TO A “SEQUENCE LISTING,” A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAMLISTING APPENDIX SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC AND ANINCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF THE MATERIAL ON THE COMPACT DISC (SEE§1.52(E)(5)). THE TOTAL NUMBER OF COMPACT DISCS INCLUDING DUPLICATES ANDTHE FILES ON EACH COMPACT DISC SHALL BE SPECIFIED

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BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the remote sensing/aerial imaging industry, imagery is used tocapture views of a geographic area and be able to measure objects andstructures within the images as well as to be able to determinegeographic locations of points within the image. These are generallyreferred to as “geo-referenced images” and come in two basic categories:

1. Captured Imagery—these images have the appearance as they werecaptured by the camera or sensor employed.

2. Projected Imagery—these images have been processed and converted suchthat they confirm to a mathematical projection.

All imagery starts as captured imagery, but as most software cannotgeo-reference captured imagery, that imagery is then reprocessed tocreate the projected imagery. The most common form of projected imageryis the ortho-rectified image. This process aligns the image to anorthogonal or rectilinear grid (composed of rectangles). The input imageused to create an ortho-rectified image is a nadir image—that is, animage captured with the camera pointing straight down.

In addition to capturing an image with the camera pointing straightdown, it is possible to capture an image with the camera pointing at anoblique angle. The resulting imagery is generally referred to as an“oblique image” or as an “oblique aerial image.” The capture of obliqueaerial images presents additional challenges compared to the capture ofnadir images, generally due to the introduction of the oblique angle.

An example of a system that captures both nadir and oblique images isshown in FIG. 1. Airplane 10 is flying over the Earth 12 and capturingimages utilizing three cameras 14 a, 14 b and 14 c. FIG. 1 alsoillustrates the sun 16 positioned in a northern hemisphere orientation.The camera 14 a is shown directed in a southern orientation generallytowards the sun 16, the camera 14 b is shown directed straight down, andthe camera 14 c is shown directed in a northern orientation generallyaway from the sun 16. The cameras 14 a and 14 c capture “obliqueimages”, while the camera 14 b captures “nadir images”.

The oblique images present a more natural appearance than a nadir imagebecause they show not just the roofs, as is the case of a nadir image,but also the sides of objects and structures. This is what we are mostaccustomed to seeing. In order to preserve this natural perspective,oblique images are generally presented without being ortho-rectified andinstead left in the natural appearance that the camera captures. Thispractice makes it very easy for people to look at something in anoblique image and realize what that object is.

However, the sun/sky orientation when an oblique image is taken has amajor impact on the color balance of the resulting photograph due to thereflections of light from the sun 16. There are two major types ofreflection: diffuse and specular. Flat wall paint is a highly diffusereflector—that is, light bounces nearly equally in all directions. Amirror is a highly specular reflector—that is, light bounces almostentirely in one direction off the mirror. There is nothing in naturethat is a perfect specular or a perfect diffuse reflector—everything issome combination of the two. It is the specular nature of objects thatpresents a problem for color balancing oblique images.

Color balancing nadir aerial images is known in the art. However, colorbalancing oblique aerial images presents unique challenges. Whencollecting nadir images (images captured with camera 14 b pointingstraight down), every image has a consistent orientation with respect tothe sun 16. However, when collecting oblique images (images capturedwith the cameras 14 a and 14 c pointing at an oblique angle relative tothe horizon) different images have different orientations with respectto the sun 16. For instance, in the northern hemisphere, a camera aimedto the north (camera 14 c) points away from the sun 16, while a cameraaimed to the south (camera 14 a) points toward the sun 16.

Specular reflections bounce off a surface and leave the surface atroughly the same angle with which they hit the surface—like a ballbouncing off a flat surface. When the camera 14 a is pointing towardsthe sun 16, the camera 14 a picks up specular reflections from the sun16 and therefore any images captured with that camera pick up a strongyellow/red tint to the captured scene. The camera 14 c, on the otherhand, is pointing away from the sun 16 and picks up specular reflectionsfrom the sky and therefore any images captured with that camera pick upa strong blue tint to the scene. When these two images are viewed sideby side, the difference can be very noticeable and distracting to theoverall image appearance. It is desirable to color balance the obliqueimages such that they have a substantially consistent color tone.

Shown in FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the capturing of threedifferent overlapping images of a same scene from three differentpositions. The three different positions are labeled as Position A,Position B and Position C for purposes of clarity. The scene ispositioned in the northern hemisphere, and thus, the image captured fromPosition A is taken with the camera positioned in a southern orientationtoward the sun 16, while the image captured from Position C is takenwith the camera positioned in a northern orientation away from the sun16. The image captured from Position B is taken with the camerapositioned directly above the scene. In this example, the image capturedfrom Position A has a yellow/reddish tint due to the strong specularreflections from the sun 16, the image captured from Position B has aneutral tint due to roughly equal specular reflections from the sun 16and sky, and the image captured from Position C has a bluish tint due tothe strong specular reflections from the sky.

Referring to FIG. 3, shown therein is a diagrammatic view of thecapturing of an oblique image of the Earth 12 where a field of view ofthe camera is designated with the lines P₁ and P₂. The lines P₁ and P₂represent path lengths, i.e., the distance the light travels from ascene on the Earth 12 to the camera. In an oblique image, the pathlengths P₁ and P₂ are significantly different and this presents a secondchallenge to color balancing oblique images: the top of the image goesthrough significantly more atmosphere than the bottom of the image. In anadir image, path length (the distance the light must travel from ascene on the Earth 12 to the camera) at the edges of the usable imageare typically not all that much different than the path length to thenadir point. For instance, lines P₃ and P₄ represent the path lengthsfor a typical camera/lens configuration, the difference between theshortest path length (straight down) and the longest path length (to thefar corner) is only about 6%.

But with oblique images, because of the nature of trigonometry, when thefield of view angle is added to the oblique camera axis angle, the pathlengths P₁ and P₂ are very different. To illustrate an extreme, if thetop of the camera is pointed above the horizon then the path length P₁is infinite—clearly much longer than the path length P₂ at the front ofthe image. In a typical camera/lens configuration and at a typicaloblique angle, the difference between the shortest path length (to themiddle front of the image) and the longest path length (to the far backcorner of the image) is about 87%—nearly twice as long.

The challenge this difference in path length presents is that the lightfrom the scene captured by the top of the camera travels through a lotmore atmosphere than the light from the scene captured by the bottom ofthe camera. This results in more tinting or scattering, an increasedintroduction of blue sky light, an increase in blurriness, and adecrease in clarity due to smog or haze. Thus, if the image is colorbalanced based upon the tinting in the top of the image then the colorbalancing of the bottom of the image will be incorrect. Likewise, if theimage is color-balanced based upon the tinting in the bottom of theimage then the color-balancing of the top of the image will beincorrect. One could color-balance based upon the tinting in the middleof the image, but then the color-balancing of the top and bottom of theimage would be incorrect.

In light of the foregoing, there is a need for a system and process forcolor-balancing oblique images that overcomes the challenges discussedabove. It is to such a system and process that the present invention isdirected.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

So that the above recited features and advantages of the presentinvention can be understood in detail, a more particular description ofthe invention, briefly summarized above, may be had by reference to theembodiments thereof that are illustrated in the appended drawings. It isto be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typicalembodiments of this invention and are therefore not to be consideredlimiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equallyeffective embodiments.

This patent or application file contains at least one drawing executedin color. Copies of this patent or patent application publication withcolor drawing(s) will be provided by the Office upon request and paymentof the necessary fee.

FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic view of an airplane flying over the Earth andcapturing images utilizing three cameras.

FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic view of the capturing of three differentoverlapping images of a same scene from three different positions.

FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic view of the capturing of an oblique image ofthe Earth 12 where a field of view of an oblique aerial camera isdesignated utilizing the path lengths P₁ and P₂, i.e., the distance thelight travels from a scene on the Earth to the camera, and a field ofview of a nadir aerial camera is designated utilizing path lengths P₃and P₄.

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an image processing system constructed inaccordance with the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an oblique image that has been sectionedin accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of another example of an oblique image thathas been sectioned in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a histogram of a color distribution for a red color band of anoblique image in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a histogram of a color distribution of a blue color band of anoblique image in accordance with the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a portion of a color oblique image captured by a camera angledaway from the sun.

FIG. 10 is a portion of a color oblique image of the same area depictedin FIG. 9 but captured by a camera angled toward the sun.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Before explaining at least one embodiment of the invention in detail, itis to be understood that the invention is not limited in its applicationto the details of construction, experiments, exemplary data, and/or thearrangement of the components set forth in the following description orillustrated in the drawings. The invention is capable of otherembodiments or of being practiced or carried out in various ways. Also,it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employedherein is for purpose of description and should not be regarded aslimiting.

The processes described in this patent provide a means for colorbalancing oblique images so that they take on a consistent color tone.The principal behind these processes is to select a set ofcolor-balanced images to use as reference images to create color-balancetransformations for a series of oblique images so that the resultingcolor-balanced oblique images will have a color tone similar to thereference images. Because they typically have a consistent sun/skyorientation, nadir images are often the best choice for the referenceimages; however, this is not required. It is recommended that thereference images be from a consistent sun/sky orientation, so, forinstance, instead of the nadir images, the north-looking oblique imagescould be used as the reference images and the remaining oblique imagestransformed to match their color tone.

The consistent color tone for the reference images can be achieved in avariety of manners, such as by having images that are naturallybalanced, i.e., captured under similar conditions and/or orientationsand therefore already have a consistent color tone, or bycolor-balancing the images to each other after they are captured so thatthey have a consistent color tone. Or nadir images captured underdifferent conditions can first be color-balanced to each other toproduce a consistent color tone. There are numerous methods forcolor-balancing nadir images described in remote sensingtextbooks—basically any method that produces a consistent color tone fora set of similar images will work. As these methods for nadir images areknown in the art, they are not discussed here.

Once the reference images have been selected, the oblique images can becolor balanced to match. This is accomplished by finding one or moreportion(s) of reference image(s) that correspond to the same area of thescene contained within the oblique image—in other words, finding theirareas of overlap.

In a preferred embodiment, the reference images and the oblique imagesare geo-referenced so that finding the portions of the referencesimage(s) corresponding to the same area of the scene contained withinthe oblique images can be accomplished with a computer and therebyautomated.

Thus, in the preferred embodiment, the logic of the process describedherein is executed by a computer to provide an automated process forcolor-balancing a series of oblique images.

Referring now to the drawings, and in particular to FIG. 4, showntherein and designated by a reference numeral 20 is an image processingsystem constructed in accordance with the present invention. In general,the image processing system 20 is provided with a computer 22, and acamera system 24. As will be described in more detail below, the imageprocessing system 20 is adapted to color balance the series of obliqueimages captured from one or more positions and from one or moreorientations so that such oblique images are provided with asubstantially consistent color balance thereby reducing or eveneliminating the unwanted yellowish/reddish or bluish tinting describedabove.

In general, the computer 22 receives a series of reference images, and aseries of oblique images from the camera system 24. The reference imagesand the oblique images can be received by the computer system 22 eitherdirectly or indirectly from the camera system 24, and can be passed fromthe camera system 24 either in batches, in real-time with the capturingof the reference images and/or the oblique images, or at a period oftime substantially after the capturing of the reference images and theoblique images. For example, the reference images and/or the obliqueimages can be transmitted or transferred from the camera system 24 tothe computer system 22 days and/or weeks and/or years after thecapturing of the reference images and the oblique images from the camerasystem 24.

The computer 22 preferably runs image processing software (or firmware)adapted to perform the functions described herein, and the resultingimages and data are stored on one or more computer readable mediums.Examples of a computer readable medium include an optical storagedevice, a magnetic storage device, an electronic storage device or thelike. The term “Computer” as used herein means a system or systems thatare able to embody and/or execute the logic of the processes describedherein. The logic embodied in the form of software instructions orfirmware may be executed on any appropriate hardware which may be adedicated system or systems, or a general purpose computer system, apersonal computer system or distributed processing computer system, allof which are well understood in the art, and a detailed description ofhow to make or use such computer systems is not deemed necessary herein.When the computer 22 is used to execute the logic of the processesdescribed herein, such computer(s) and/or execution can be conducted ata same geographic location or multiple different geographic locations.Furthermore, the execution of the logic can be conducted continuously orat multiple discrete times. Further, such logic can be performed aboutsimultaneously with the capture of the images, or thereafter orcombinations thereof.

The image capture system 24 is typically used for capturing aerialimages as shown in FIGS. 1-3. Suitable image capture systems are shownand described in a provisional patent application identified by U.S.Ser. No. 60/901,444, the entire content of which is hereby incorporatedherein by reference. Typically, the image capture system 24 is providedwith, one or more image capture devices, one or more monitoring systems,one or more event multiplexer systems, and one or more data storageunits or computer systems. In the examples depicted in FIGS. 1-3 of U.S.Ser. No. 60/901,444, the “image capture system 10” is provided with fourimage capture devices mounted in a sweep pattern (see FIG. 1 of U.S.Ser. No. 60/901,444); five image capture devices mounted in a 360pattern having image capture devices pointing fore, aft, port, starboardand straight down (see FIG. 2 of U.S. Ser. No. 60/901,444); or fourimage capture devices mounted in separate directions generally alignedwith respective parts of streets (see FIG. 3 of U.S. Ser. No.60/901,444).

In certain embodiments, the image capture devices of the image capturesystem 24 can be mounted to a moving platform such as a manned airplane,an unmanned airplane, a train, an automobile such as a van, a boat, afour wheeler, a motor cycle, a tractor, a robotic device or the like.

As discussed above, the computer 22 executes instructions to effect thecolor-balancing of the series of oblique images captured from one ormore positions and from one or more orientations. On an oblique image byoblique image basis, the computer 22 is programmed with instructions tolocate one or more portions of one or more reference images that overlapthe oblique image, and then create a color balancing transformation thatapproximately matches the color distribution of the oblique image to thecolor distribution of the overlapping portions of the reference images.Then, the computer 22 transforms pixels in the oblique image accordingto the color balancing transformation created for that oblique image,and then preferably stores the transform pixel values in the obliqueimage or a copy of the oblique image. The oblique images having thetransformed pixel values are referred to herein after as “color-balancedoblique images”.

In a preferred embodiment, the reference images are geo-referenced toaid in the location of the overlapping portion(s), and alsocolor-balanced. The reference images can be color-balanced eithernaturally because they are captured from a consistent orientation, orthey can be color-balanced using well-known practices. In a preferredembodiment, the reference images are nadir images.

In a preferred embodiment, the overlapping portions of the referenceimages and the oblique images have a similar scene—because it isexpected that the scenes will be somewhat different. For example,assuming that the scene includes a building, the oblique images willshow the sides of the building while the nadir images will not.Typically, the closer the scene contents in the overlapping portion(s)match (Leaf-on, leaf off, flooding, snow, or the like) the better theresults. Ideally, the reference images and the oblique images will betaken during the same photo shoot to enhance the similarity of thelighting and scene content.

Preferably, one or more color balancing transformation is created foreach of the oblique images in the series of oblique images. However, itshould be understood that the one or more color balancingtransformations do not have to be made for each of the oblique images inthe series. In other words, not all of the oblique images in the seriesof oblique images must be color-balanced in accordance with the presentinvention. In addition, while all of the pixels in the oblique image arepreferably transformed according to the one or more color balancingtransformation created for that particular oblique image, it should beunderstood that less than all of the pixels can be transformed. Forexample, the pixels in the oblique image can be organized into groups,and then a certain percentage of such pixels (such as 60-90%) can betransformed.

In general, the automated process preferably (1) divides each obliqueimage in the series into a plurality of sections, (2) identifies aportion of a reference image overlapping the section, and then (3)creates a color-balancing transformation. Preferably a color-balancingtransformation for each color band in the color space is created and foreach section in the oblique image approximating the color distributionof the overlapping section in the one or more reference images. Forexample, assuming an RGB color space, a histogram of the colordistribution for each color band, i.e., red, green and blue in eachsection of the oblique image and the overlapping portion of the samescene in the nadir image (develop two histograms for each section) iscreated. Exemplary histograms for the red and blue color bands are shownin FIGS. 7 and 8. The color space can be any suitable color space, suchas RGB, XYZ, LUV, CMYK, or false color IR.

The color distribution histogram of an image shows the number of pixelsfor each pixel value within the range of the image. If the minimum valueof the image is 0 and the maximum value of the image is 255, thehistogram of the image shows the number of pixels for each value rangingbetween and including 0 and 255. Peaks in the histogram represent morecommon values within the image that usually consist of nearly uniformregions. Valleys in the histogram represent less common values. Emptyregions within the histogram indicate that no pixels within the imagecontain those values. The solid lines shown in the histograms in FIGS. 7and 8 show exemplary values of an aerial oblique image that has not yetbeen color-balanced while the dashed lines shown in the histograms showexemplary values of the same aerial oblique image that has beencolor-balanced utilizing the process described herein.

The solid line in the histogram of FIG. 7 shows the color distributionof the red band for an oblique image that was captured by a camerapointing in a generally south direction and that has a reddish tint dueto the specular reflections from the sun 16, while the dashed line showsa reduction in the red pixel values in the color-balanced image.Similarly, the solid line in the histogram of FIG. 8 shows the colordistribution of the blue band for an oblique image that was captured bya camera pointing in a generally north direction and that has a bluishtint due to the specular reflections from the sky. The dashed line inFIG. 8 shows a reduction in the blue pixel values in the color-balancedimage.

To color-balance the series of oblique images, each of the obliqueimages are preferably divided into a plurality of sections. For example,an oblique image 30 shown in FIG. 5 has been divided into nine sections32 a-i, and the oblique image 34 shown in FIG. 6 has been divided into 6sections 36 a-f. Any number of sections can be used, but dividing theoblique image 30 into more sections decreases the likelihood ofvariability in the image. For example, oblique images can change colordepending upon their orientation and the distance that the scene is awayfrom the camera. Images taken in a direction away from the sun 16 areusually bluer at the top, while images taken in a direction toward thesun 16 have a reddish-orange cast. The number, size and location of thesections within the oblique images can be predetermined or randomlydetermined.

Once the oblique image has been divided into sections, then, on asection by section basis one or more portions of a reference image islocated that overlaps the oblique image section. Then, a color-balancingtransformation is created that approximately matches the colordistribution of the oblique image section to the color distribution ofthe overlapping reference portion(s). This can be accomplished using anysuitable algorithm or technique, such as histogram equalization.Histogram equalization is a well known algorithm, so no further commentsare deemed necessary to teach one skilled in the art how to make and usehistogram equalization. For the oblique image 30 that has been dividedinto nine oblique image sections 32 a-i, this process occurs nine times.

For each section, at least three histograms (color distribution for theoverlapping reference portion, color distribution for the oblique imagesection, and color balancing transformation for the oblique imagesection) are created for each color band in the color space.

Then, pixel values for each color band in each of the oblique images arecolor-balanced and blended to provide a substantially consistent colortone. This can be accomplished by using a combination of thecolor-balancing transformations (e.g., histograms) for the obliqueimage. The blending may be accomplished through bi-linear interpolation,linear interpolation, cubics, splines and/or the like. Alternatively,one transform may be used for the entire image.

In a preferred embodiment, the color-balancing and blending isaccomplished as follows. First, on a pixel by pixel basis, for theoblique image to be color-balanced, one or more oblique image sectionsare selected which apply to the particular pixel. Then, for each colorband, the pixel value is calculated independently (or transformed) usingthe color balancing transformation for each selected oblique imagesection yielding a transformed pixel value for each selected obliqueimage section. Then, the transformed pixel values are blended into asingle resulting pixel value using any suitable algorithm, such asbi-linear interpolation, linear interpolation, cubics, splines or thelike. Then, the resulting pixel value is stored in the oblique image ora copy (such as a memory copy) of the oblique image. This process ispreferably repeated for every pixel in the oblique image. However, itshould be understood that this process could only be repeated for asubset of the pixels.

In general, the process described above may be performed on a continuousor intermittent basis. For example, once the section color balancingtransformations are created, such section color balancingtransformations can be stored, and then applied on a pixel by pixelbasis at a later time to color-balance the oblique image. For example,the color-balancing transformations can be stored with the oblique imageand then utilized to color-balance the oblique image when it isretrieved or displayed.

Set forth hereinafter is pseudo-code for one embodiment of the presentinvention:

Select oblique images to adjust Select reference images For( each imageto be color-balanced ){    Divide image into sections    For( each imagesection used ){       Choose one or more overlapping reference images      If ( only one reference image is chosen ) {          Createsection color-balancing transformation from          chosen referenceimage       }       Else {          Create empty section color-balancingtransformation          For ( each chosen reference image ){            Create    temporary             color-balancingtransformation             for this chosen reference image            Combine    temporary             color-balancingtransformation             into section color-balancing            transformation          }       }    }    For (each pixel tobe transformed){       Create empty final pixel value       For (eachimage section used){          If (section is applicable to pixel){            Compute transformed pixel value from             sectioncolor-balancing transformation             Blend transformed pixel valueinto final             pixel value          }       }       Store finalpixel value    } }

For RGB color images, the above process is repeated three times, oncefor each color pixel component, i.e. the red pixels, the green pixels,and the blue pixels, each with its own color-balancing transformation.

Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail byway of illustration and example for purposes of clarity ofunderstanding, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art thatcertain changes and modifications may be practiced without departingfrom the spirit and scope thereof, as described in this specificationand as defined in the appended claims below. The term “comprising”within the claims is intended to mean “including at least” such that therecited listing of elements in a claim are an open group. “A,” “an” andother singular terms are intended to include the plural forms thereofunless specifically excluded.

What is claimed is:
 1. An image processing system, comprising: acomputer running image processing software causing the computer to:divide a captured oblique image into a plurality of oblique imagesections, the oblique image sections determined at least in part on apath length distance between a first location of a point in a scene inthe captured oblique image and a second location of a camera when theoblique image was captured; and apply a varying amount of colorcorrection to the sections based in part on the determined path length,thereby reducing variation in the captured oblique image caused byspecular reflection and atmosphere depicted in the sections prior tocolor balancing.
 2. The image processing system of claim 1, wherein theimage processing software further causes the computer to store the colorbalancing transformations for the sections.
 3. The image processingsystem of claim 1, wherein the captured oblique image is a capturedaerial oblique image.
 4. An image processing system, comprising: acomputer running image processing software causing the computer to:divide a captured oblique image into a plurality of oblique imagesections, the oblique image sections determined at least in part on apath length distance between a first location of a point in a scene inthe captured oblique image and a second location of a camera when theoblique image was captured; and apply a varying amount of colorcorrection to the sections based in part on the determined path lengthand based in part on a reference image, thereby reducing variation inthe captured oblique image caused by specular reflection and atmospheredepicted in the sections prior to color balancing.
 5. The imageprocessing system of claim 4, wherein the captured oblique image is acaptured aerial oblique image and the reference image is an aerial nadirimage.
 6. A method for processing oblique images comprising: dividing,using a computer running image processing software, a captured obliqueimage into a plurality of oblique image sections, the oblique imagesections determined at least in part on a path length distance between afirst location of a point in a scene in the captured oblique image and asecond location of a camera when the oblique image was captured; andapplying a varying amount of color correction to the sections based inpart on the determined path length, thereby reducing variation in thecaptured oblique image caused by specular reflection and atmospheredepicted in the sections prior to color balancing.
 7. The method ofclaim 6, wherein applying a varying amount of color correction to thesections is based in part on a reference image.
 8. The method of claim7, wherein the captured oblique image is a captured aerial oblique imageand the reference image is an aerial nadir image.